| 翻訳と辞書 |
| TGF beta Activation ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
TGF beta Activation
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a potent cell regulatory polypeptide homodimer of 25kD.〔Roberts, A.B. and Sporn, M.B., 1990. The transforming growth factor βs. In: Sporn, M.B. and Roberts, A.B., Editors, 1990. Peptides, Growth Factors and Their Receptors Part I, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 419–472,〕 It is a multifunctional signaling molecule with more than 40 related family members. TGF-β plays a role in a wide array of cellular processes including early embryonic development, cell growth, differentiation, motility, and apoptosis.〔Yue J, Mulder KM. Transforming growth factor-beta signal transduction in epithelial cells. Pharmacol Ther. 2001;91:1–34.〕
==TGF-β activation==
Although TGF-β is important in regulating crucial cellular activities, only few TGF beta signaling pathway activations are currently known, and yet, the full mechanism behind the suggested activation pathways is not well understood. Some of the known activating pathways are cell or tissue specific, while some are seen in multiple cell types and tissues.〔.J.P. Annes, J.S. Munger and D.B. Rifkin, Making sense of latent TGFβ activation, J. Cell Sci. 116 (2003), pp. 217–224.〕〔P. ten Dijke and C.S. Hill, New insights into TGF-β-Smad signalling, Trends Biochem Sci 29 (2004), pp. 265–273〕 Proteases, integrins, pH, and reactive oxygen species are just few of the currently know factors that can activate TGF-β.〔Stetler-Stevenson W.G., Aznavoorian S., Liotta L.A.(1993) Tumor cell interactions with the extracellular matrix during invasion and metastasis. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 9:541–573〕〔Barcellos-Hoff, M. H. and Dix, T. A. (1996). Redox-mediated activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta 1. Mol. Endocrinol. 10,1077 -1083〕〔Wipff, P.-J. and B. Hinz (2008). "Integrins and the activation of latent transforming growth factor ()1 - An intimate relationship." European Journal of Cell Biology 87(8-9): 601-615.〕
It is well known that perturbations of these activating factors can lead to unregulated TGF-β signaling levels that may cause several complications including inflammation, autoimmune disorders, fibrosis, cancer and cataracts.〔Yu, Q. and Stamenkovic, I. (2000). Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Genes Dev. 14,163 -176〕〔Taipale, J., Miyazono, K., Heldin, C. H. and Keski-Oja, J. (1994). Latent transforming growth factor-beta 1 associates to fibroblast extracellular matrix via latent TGF-beta binding protein. J. Cell Biol. 124,171 -181〕 In most cases an activated TGF-β ligand will initiate the TGF-β signaling cascade as long as TGF-β receptors I and II are within reach, this is due to high affinity between TGF-β and its receptors, suggesting why the TGF-β signaling recruits a latency system to mediates its signaling.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「TGF beta Activation」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|